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The Prepuce (Foreskin) & the Penis:
  • What is the Foreskin? - Anatomy, Functions, & Benefits
  • Intact Care - Proper care of the Intact Penis
  • Forced Retraction - information about forcefully retracting the foreskin
  • Videos About the Foreskin - Videos about the foreskin
  • FAQ About the Foreskin - Common questions regarding the foreskin
  • Confusion Surrounding the Foreskin - Phimosis, Hypospadias, UTI
  • Foreskin Resources - Links to foreskin resources
  • Foreskin Restoration - Resources About Restoring Foreskin

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Other Categories: Research Circumcision - Consequences of Circumcision - Religion & Circumcision



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What is the Foreskin (Prepuce)?

The foreskin- also known as the prepuce- is the flexible, double-layered sheath of specialized skin that covers and protects the glans (or head) of the normal penis. The foreskin is a uniquely specialized, sensitive, and functional organ of touch. No other part of the body serves the same purpose.

The foreskin is an integral and important part of the skin system of the penis. It is a complex and sophisticated structure with many interesting and unique properties. No other part of the body's skin covering duplicates the amazing design and functional possibilities of the foreskin. Among the many interesting features of the foreskin is the fact that it is highly elastic, entirely devoid of any subcutaneous fat, and lined with a sheet of smooth muscle.
_The foreskin is more than just skin; it is a complex, highly mobile, and beautifully engineered organ composed of an intricate web of blood vessels, muscle, and nerves. In fact, the foreskin contains about 240 feet of nerve fibers and tens of thousands of specialized erotogenic nerve endings of various types, which can feel the slightest pressure, the lightest touch, the smallest motion, the subtlest changes in temperature, and the finest gradations in texture.

Nature has designed the delicate glans (commonly called the head of the penis) to be an internal organ. In the normal, intact penis, the glans is a glistening, rich red or purple color. The foreskin protects the glans and keeps it in excellent condition.

In many ways, the foreskin is just like the eyelid. It covers, cleans, and protects the glans just as the eyelid covers, cleans, and protects the eye. Also, just as the eyelid can open and close to uncover the eye, so the foreskin can open to reveal the delicate glans. The foreskin's inside fold is lined with a smooth red tissue called mucous membrane. This type of tissue is also found lining the lips, the inside of the mouth, and the inner fold of the eyelid. The foreskin's soothing inner fold gently keeps the surface of the glans healthy, clean, shiny, warm, soft, moist, and sensitive.

From the book What Your Doctor May Not Tell You About Circumcision
By M.D. Paul M. Fleiss, D.Phil Frederick M. Hodges

Anatomy of the Foreskin:

  • The penis and foreskin: Preputial anatomy and sexual function
    http://www.cirp.org/library/anatomy/
  • The Erogenous Zones: Their Nerve Supply and Its Significance
    http://www.cirp.org/library/anatomy/winkelmann/
  • The Cutaneous Innervation of Human Newborn Prepuce
    http://www.cirp.org/library/anatomy/winkelmann2/
  • Book: Atlas of Human Anatomy
    http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0914168800/qid=949813216/sr=1-9/104-9084265-1648457
  • Book: Grant's Atlas of Anatomy
    http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0781722608/qid=949813387/sr=1-1/104-9084265-1648457
  • How the foreskin works
    http://www.circumstitions.com/Works.html
  • Analysis of Shape and Retractability of the Prepuce
    http://www.cirp.org/library/normal/kayaba/
  • The Ridged Band: Specialized Tissue of the Penis
    http://research.cirp.org/index-e.html
  • Functions of the Foreskin: Purposes of the Prepuce
    http://www.drmomma.org/2009/09/functions-of-foreskin-purposes-of.html


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Proper Care of the Intact Penis

The male foreskin is fused to the head of the penis at birth (just like the female foreskin- the clitoral hood- is normally fused to the glans of infant and young preadolescent girls). This is the body's way of protecting the genitals against urine and feces. Because it is fused shut, bacteria and other foreign particles cannot invade. 

It is absolutely unnecessary to forcibly retract the foreskin to clean under it, and in fact- this will cause bleeding, scarring, and damage to the penis. Pulling it back before it is ready can also introduce foreign bacteria which can lead to infection.

The first person to retract a boy's foreskin should be the boy himself. Everyone else- hands off. The average age for this to happen is about 10 years old. About that time, the foreskin will start to become detached (although sometimes it is sooner, and sometimes it is later). Until about puberty, the body isn't producing anything that needs to be 'rinsed'. So if he gets especially dirty, sitting in a warm water bath (without soap) should take care of the cleaning. Once he can retract his own foreskin, he just needs to pull it back during a shower, rinse with warm water, and return it to the original position. No soap & no scrubbing under the foreskin. 

If child has been forcefully retracted, the best thing to do is stop retracting and let it heal. Please click here to get more information on what to do now and how to clean. Putting a boy into the bath several times a day helps. The body, air, and water are the best healers. Of course, you must be vigilant about watching for infection beyond the initial inflammation for the first week following forcible retraction.

  • American Academy of Pediatrics - Care of the Uncircumcised Penis           
    http://www.cirp.org/library/normal/aap1999/
  • Answers to Questions About Your Intact Son's Penis (NOCIRC Printable Pamphlet)
    http://www.nocirc.org/publish/4pam.pdf

  • Avoiding Circumcision After the Neonatal Period (NOCIRC Printable Pamphlet)                        
    http://www.nocirc.org/publish/7pam.pdf
  • Basic Care of the Intact Child
    http://www.drmomma.org/2010/01/basic-care-of-intact-child.html

  • Care of the Intact Penis in the Geriatric/Disabled Population (NOCIRC Printable Pamphlet)                  
    http://www.nocirc.org/publish/8pam.pdf
  • Circumsitions - Care of the Intact Penis                                                                                          http://www.circumstitions.com/Care.html
  • Décalottage chez l'enfant : conseils aux parents (Foreskin retraction in babies: advice for parents)
    http://droitaucorps.blogspot.fr/2012/06/decalottage-chez-lenfant-conseils-aux.html
  • Development of Foreskin Retraction in the Child & Adolescent
    http://www.thewholenetwork.org/14/post/2011/08/the-development-of-foreskin-retraction.html
  • Foreskin Care: A Guide for Parents (Intact America Printable Flyer)
    http://intactamerica.org/sites/default/files/Foreskin_Care_Guide_for_Parents.pdf
  • Foreskin Care Guide for Parents (Printable Pamphlet)
    http://circumcisiondecisionmaker.com/resources/foreskin-care-guide/
  • Foreskin Care Information (ICGI)
    http://www.icgi.org/information/penile-care-information/
  • How to Clean an Intact (Uncircumcised) Penis - Video
    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=367CR4EqyWo&feature=player_embedded
  • List of Foreskin-Friendly Doctors
    http://www.thewholenetwork.org/intact-friendly-doctors.html
  • Penis and Foreskin Care From The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne
    http://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/factsheets.cfm?doc_id=3715

  • Phony Phimosis Diagnosis
    http://www.drmomma.org/2010/01/phony-phimosis-diagnosis.html

  • Proper Care of the Intact Penis (From Baby to Teenager)                                                
    http://www.thewholenetwork.org/14/post/2011/09/proper-care-of-the-intact-penis-from-baby-to-teenager.html
  • Protect Your Intact Son
    http://www.drmomma.org/2009/08/protect-your-uncircumcised-son-expert.html
  • Questions Regarding Normal Separation of the Prepuce
    http://www.drmomma.org/2010/01/common-questions-regarding-normal.html

  • Raising Intact Sons
    http://www.drmomma.org/2009/11/raising-intact-sons.html
  • Red Foreskins in Children: What Does it Mean?
    http://www.thewholenetwork.org/14/post/2011/10/red-foreskins-in-children-what-does-it-mean.html


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Videos About the Foreskin


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    FAQ About the Foreskin

    FAQ is currently under construction. Check back soon for updates!


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    Forceful Retraction of the Foreskin

    If a child has been forcefully retracted, the best thing to do is stop retracting and let it heal.

    Putting a boy into the bath several times a day helps. The body, air, and water are the best healers. Of course, parents must be vigilant about watching for infection beyond the initial inflammation for the first week following forcible retraction. The other complication could be adhesions, but we're learning that they, too, usually resolve just as the normal balanopreputial membrane (synechia) resolves. So, the rest is just wait and see...

    Even if you have been retracting for a prolonged period of time, the same rules apply. Leave it alone, and wait until he retracts it on his own.

    If his foreskin doesn't fuse back to the glans, retraction and "cleaning" are still unnecessary. Because he hasn't gone through puberty yet, the body isn't producing anything that needs to be 'rinsed'. So if poop or something especially dirty gets in there, a warm water bath should take care of the cleaning.

    Once he can retract it on his own and reaches puberty, the only thing he should do is use warm water to rinse. No soap, no scrubbing.

    • Analysis of Shape and Retractability of the Prepuce 
      http://www.cirp.org/library/normal/kayaba/

    • Answers To Your Questions About Premature (Forcible) Retraction of Your Young Son's Foreskin http://www.nocirc.org/publish/pamphlet6.html
    • Assistance to Families with Forcibly Retracted Sons
      http://www.thewholenetwork.org/14/post/2011/08/assistance-to-families-with-forcibly-retracted-sons.html
    • Care of the Prematurely Retracted Foreskin                                                                                                             http://jamespatemd.com/blog/?p=2245#.ULf3t2BkiRm
    • Circumcision for phimosis and other medical indications in Western Australian boys 
      http://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/178_04_170203/contents_170203.html
    • Doctors Opposing Circumcision Statement for Physicians and Nurses on Forced Retraction:
      http://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org/info/info-forcedretraction.html

    • Don't Let it Happen to Your Son
      http://www.drmomma.org/2010/11/forced-retraction-dont-let-it-happen-to.html

    • Forced Retraction: Ask the Experts
      http://www.drmomma.org/2009/09/ask-experts-forced-foreskin-retraction.html

    • Forced Retraction? Now What?
      http://www.drmomma.org/2009/12/forced-retraction-what-now.html

    • Forced Retraction: What to Do Now & How to Clean
      http://www.thewholenetwork.org/14/post/2011/08/forced-retraction.html
    • Medical Testing: Do Not Retract:
      http://www.drmomma.org/2009/09/uti-testing-on-boys-do-not-retract.html

    • Only Clean What is Seen: Reversing the Epidemic of Forcible Foreskin Retractions
      http://www.thewholenetwork.org/14/post/2011/08/only-clean-what-is-seen-reversing-the-epidemic-of-forcible-foreskin-retractions.html
    • Problems with the Penis and Prepuce
      http://www.cirp.org/library/general/davenport/


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    Confusion Surrounding the Foreskin

    Phimosis:
    • Conservative Treatment of Phimosis: Alternatives to Radical Circumcision
      http://www.cirp.org/library/treatment/phimosis/
    • Cost-effectiveness analysis of treatments for phimosis
      http://www.cirp.org/library/treatment/phimosis/berdeu1/

    • Development of Foreskin Retraction in the Child & Adolescent                                              http://www.thewholenetwork.org/14/post/2011/08/the-development-of-foreskin-retraction.html
    • No Circumcision: Stretching To Fix Tight Foreskin (Phimosis)
      http://nocircumcision.blogspot.com/2009/07/stretching-to-fix-tight-foreskin.html
    • The Phony Phimosis Diagnosis
      http://www.drmomma.org/2010/01/phony-phimosis-diagnosis.html
                                                                                       

    Hypospadias:
    • Adaptation of Adults to Uncorrected Hypospadias~ "Conclusions: Of the adults we surveyed with hypospadias, most stated that they were satisfied with the appearance of the penis, voided in the standing position, and did not have infertility associated with the abnormal position of the urethral meatus."                                                              http://www.deepdyve.com/lp/elsevier/adaptation-of-adults-to-uncorrected-hypospadias-WOHqdjK8tX
    • Belgrade Center for Genital Reconstructive Surgery: Hypospadias (Please note the high number of childhood hypospadias repair surgeries that failed and required additional surgery in adulthood. Also consider the aesthetic appearance of the natural genitalia as compared to the appearance of the genitals post-operatively.) http://www.genitalsurgerybelgrade.com/urogenital_surgery_detail.php?Hypospadias-6
    • Hypospadias: Parent's Guide to Surgery                                                                                      http://www.isna.org/node/81
    • Hypospadias: Surgery and Circumcision
      http://www.drmomma.org/2010/04/hypospadias-surgery-and-circumcision.html
          
    • Intersex Genitalia Illustrated and Explained~ "Unless there is an actual rare functional problem, our bodies should not be altered in infancy, and only those functional problems should be addressed. Our genitals should be altered only if we ourselves request it, to make ourselves comfortable in our own skin, not to make society comfortable by our medical erasure. Society must come again to embrace the diversity that is nature's gift to us."          http://intersexroadshow.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/intersex-genitalia-illustrated-and.html
    • Men Talk About Hypospadias~ "I'm more annoyed at being circumcised than with having the hypospadias."                  http://www.hypospadias-emotions.com/chapter5.html


    UTI:
    • Catheters & Intact Boys: What's the proper procedure?          
      http://www.thewholenetwork.org/14/post/2011/08/catheters-intact-boys-whats-the-proper-procedure.html
    • Cultural Bias and the Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Circumcision Controversy
      http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/UTI/altschul/
    • How the Foreskin Protects Against UTI:
      http://www.drmomma.org/2009/12/how-foreskin-protects-against-uti.html
    • Medical Testing: Do Not Retract:
      http://www.drmomma.org/2009/09/uti-testing-on-boys-do-not-retract.html



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    Foreskin Resources


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    Restoring Foreskin
    • Foregen | Promoting Genital Integrity through Regenerative Medicine
      http://www.foregen.org/
    • Foreskin Restoration                                                                                                                          http://www.foreskin.gc.bz/
    • Foreskin Restoration: A Growing Movement (Circumstitions)                                        
      http://www.circumstitions.com/Restore.html
    • Foreskin Restoration for Circumcised Males                                                                       
      http://www.cirp.org/pages/restore.html
    • Foreskin Restoration for Circumcised Men                                                                              http://www.restoringforeskin.org/
    • Foreskin Restoration Information                                                                                                http://www.foreskinrestoration.info/
    • Foreskin Restore: Dual Tension Restoration                                                                                              http://www.foreskinrestore.com/main.html
    • Getting Back What was Lost: A Journey to Foreskin Restoration                                                                                    http://www.thewholenetwork.org/14/post/2011/8/a-journey-to-foreskin-restoration.html
    • Happy Aardvark Restoration Tools                                                                                  
      http://www.happyaardvarkrestorationtools.com/
    • Lizard Dick: Taming the Beast Through Foreskin Restoration                                                                     http://lizarddick.wordpress.com/
    • National Organization of Restoring Men 
      http://www.norm.org/
    • Non-surgical Foreskin Restoration: The Stretching Procedure                                                
      http://www.eskimo.com/~gburlin/restore/uncirc.txt
    • NORM - UK                                                                                                                                                         http://www.norm-uk.co.uk/
    • Prepuce (Foreskin) Restoration: It's good for men, good for women
      http://www.drmomma.org/2009/10/restoration-uncircumcising-of-men.html
    • Real Stories: Couple repairs circumcision damage through foreskin restoration  http://www.moralogous.com/2012/05/16/real-stories-couple-repairs-circumcision-damage-through-foreskin-restoration/
    • Restore Yourself!                                                                                                                          http://restoreyourself.com/
    • Restoring Tally: One Man's Journey Through Life
      http://www.restoringtally.com/
    • Stamen Products
            http://www.stamenproducts.co.uk/
    • TLC Tugger
      http://www.tlctugger.com/
    • TLC Tugger on Youtube                                                                                    
      http://www.youtube.com/user/TLCTugger

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