Research Circumcision:
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What is Circumcision?
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Male circumcision is a surgery to remove the prepuce (foreskin), a double-sided sleeve of skin and soft mucosal tissue that completely encloses and protects the glans (the head of the penis). The foreskin provides sensation and lubrication for the penis. In most cases, circumcision is elective surgery, which means there isn't a medical reason for it.
Parents are encouraged to read as much as possible about circumcision. They should make themselves aware of the complexities of the circumcision procedure itself. Speak to your doctor about the step-by-step procedure. If possible, ask to observe a circumcision at your hospital, so that you will know fully what is involved. If that is not possible, you can view videos of the surgery online. |
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_Circumcision Rates Around the World:
History of Circumcision:
Medical Authorities on Circumcision:
- Steep Drop Seen in Circumcisions in U.S
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/17/health/research/17circ.html - Infant circumcision rate statistics for most states in the U.S.
http://www.mgmbill.org/statistics.htm - United States Circumcision Incidence
http://www.cirp.org/library/statistics/USA/ - Trends in In-Hospital Newborn Male Circumcision (United States) 1999-2010
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6034a4.htm?s_cid=mm6034a4_w - Global estimates in 2006 suggest that about 30% of males worldwide are circumcised http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/malecircumcision/infopack_en_2.pdf
History of Circumcision:
- History of Circumcision, Medical Conditions, and Sexual Activity and Risk of Penile Cancer
http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/cancer/maden/ - What were the original motivations behind routine infant circumcision in the West?
http://www.cirp.org/pages/whycirc.html - Historical Circumcision Quotes in medical journals by doctors
http://www.sexuallymutilatedchild.org/shorthis.htm - Histories of Circumcision in USA, Australia and Britain
http://www.historyofcircumcision.net/ - ICGI Medicalization of Circumcision Slideshow
http://www.icgi.org/medicalization/ - Timeline of Medical Circumcision http://www.whale.to/a/timeline.html
Medical Authorities on Circumcision:
- American Academy of Pediatrics Circumcision Policy Statement
http://aappolicy.aappublications.org/cgi/reprint/pediatrics;103/3/686.pdf - An American doctor questions cultural beliefs she was raised with
http://www.drcat.org/articles_interviews/html/firstcut.html - Circumcision of Infant Males
http://www.racp.edu.au/index.cfm?objectid=65118B16-F145-8B74-236C86100E4E3E8E - Doctors Opposing Circumcision Genital Integrity Statement
http://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org/pdf/GenitalIntegrityStatement.pdf - Finnish Medical Association's Stance on Circumcision
http://www.hs.fi/english/article/Legislation%20on%20circumcision%20stalled/1135256085478 - Foreskins for Keeps - An Idea Whose Time Has Come by Midwife Glorida Lemay http://www.midwiferytoday.com/articles/foreskins.asp
- Medical Organization Official Policy Statements
http://www.cirp.org/library/statements/ - Medical Research Studies on Circumcision
http://www.thewholenetwork.org/14/post/2012/01/medical-research-studies-on-circumcision.html - Nurses for the Rights of the Child
http://www.nurses.cirp.org/ - Summary of worldwide medical association position papers
http://www.nocirc.org/position/ - The case against circumcision by Douglas Gairdner, D.M., M.R.C.P.
http://www.cirp.org/library/general/warren2/ - The Case Against Circumcision by Paul Fleiss, MD, MPH
http://www.drmomma.org/2009/11/case-against-circumcision.html - U.S. Research Attorney Says Circumcision Causes Lifelong Harm
http://www.prweb.com/releases/2002/06/prweb41148.htm - What Your Doctor May Not Tell You About Circumcision (Paperback)
http://www.amazon.com/gp/offer-listing/0446678805/ref=sr_1_olp_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1252896640&sr=1-1 - Whether or Not to Circumcise | Ask Dr. Sears
http://www.askdrsears.com/html/1/T012000.asp
- Circumcision Myths
Circumcision Myths & Facts (video)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7wIew1NFQSE&feature=player_embedded
UTIs & Circumcision: - Cultural Bias and the Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Circumcision Controversy
http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/UTI/altschul/ - Circumcision makes a baby boy 12 times more likely to get a MRSA infection http://www.nocirc.org/publish/12-AnswersMRSA.pdf
- Circumcision and Urinary Tract Infection
http://www.circumstitions.com/Utis.html - Is the Risk of Urinary Tract Infection Really the Pivotal Issue?
http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/UTI/chessare/ - How circumcision can CAUSE UTIs
http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/UTI/ - How the Foreskin Protects Against Urinary Tract Infections
http://www.drmomma.org/2009/12/how-foreskin-protects-against-uti.html - Breastfeeding and urinary tract infection
http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/UTI/pisacane/
HIV & Circumcision:
- Male Circumcision – A Dangerous Mistake in the HIV Battle
http://www.intactamerica.org/dangerousmistake - Dr. Dean Edell discusses the misleading and unsound arguments in the current drive to circumcise Africa
http://youtu.be/OlsUg0sdAtE - Male circumcision: a role in HIV prevention?
http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/HIV/vincenzi/ - Circumcision does not affect HIV in U.S. men: study
http://www.reuters.com/article/2007/12/04/us-aids-circumcision-idUSN0345545120071204 - Where Circumcision Doesn't Prevent HIV
- Circumcised Children are More Likely to have HIV
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/2206 - Circumcision and HIV infection
http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/HIV/ - Circumcision and HIV
http://www.circumcisionandhiv.com/ - African clinical trials into male circumcision and HIV transmission: Methodological, ethical and legal concerns
(PDF Below)
http://xa.yimg.com/kq/groups/23477339/1441224426/name/JLM_boyle_hill.pdf - How the circumcision solution in Africa will increase HIV infections
http://www.publichealthinafrica.org/index.php/jphia/article/view/jphia.2011.e4/html_9?mid=54866 - Flawed Studies Used to Claim Circumcision Reduces HIV Infection
http://www.salem-news.com/articles/december112011/circumcision-hiv-rg.php - U.S. Navy Finds That Circumcision Does Not Prevent HIV or STIs
http://www.thewholenetwork.org/14/post/2011/10/us-navy-finds-that-circumcision-does-not-prevent-hiv-or-stis.html - New Study: Australia Rejects Circumcision as a Preventative for HIV
http://www.thewholenetwork.org/14/post/2011/10/new-study-australia-rejects-circumcision-as-a-preventative-for-hiv.html - The Cost to Circumcise Africa
http://www.icgi.org/Downloads/IAS/McAllister.pdf - Scientists Discover 'Natural Barrier' to HIV (in the Langerhans cells of the natural prepuce) http://news.healingwell.com/index.php?p=news1&id=602421&ei=N-sFUN3GG8mK2gWq4624BQ&usg=AFQjCNHOrnU4KRTdG8xnhQjumNiQ_pjpvQ
- 2007 Rakai Trial Found Genital Hygiene More Effective Than Circumcision
https://sites.google.com/site/davidgisselquist/have-who-and-unaids-gotten-the-wrong-message-from-studies-of-circumcision-to-reduce-mens-risk-for-hiv - Saving Babies: We need to talk... about HIV http://saving-babies.blogspot.com/2012/02/we-need-to-talk-about-hiv.html
| African clinical trials into male circumcision and HIV transmission: Methodological, ethical and legal concerns |
| Male Circumcision and HIV Prevention Insufficient Evidence and Neglected External Validity |
STDs & Circumcision:
Cancer & Circumcision:
- Sexually Transmitted Infections and Male Circumcision: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis http://www.hindawi.com/isrn/urology/2013/109846/
- Male circumcision and common sexually transmissible diseases in a developed nation setting
http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/STD/donovan1/ - Clinical Presentation of Genital Warts Among Heterosexual Men Attending an Urban STD Clinic
http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/STD/cook2/ - Circumcision and Sexually Transmitted Diseases
http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/STD/cook1/ - Prevalence, Prophylactic Effects, and Sexual Practice
http://www.cirp.org/news/1997.04.01_AMA/ - External Genital Human Papillomavirus Prevalence (HPV):
"Neither condom usage nor circumcision was associated with HPV DNA prevalence."
http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/203/1/58.abstract?sid=8b0e0470-d2bf-4989-b147-bfdd83c72abb
- Circumcision as a Risk Factor for Urethritis in Racial Groups
http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/STD/smith/ - U.S. Navy Finds That Circumcision Does Not Prevent HIV or STIs
http://www.thewholenetwork.org/14/post/2011/10/us-navy-finds-that-circumcision-does-not-prevent-hiv-or-stis.html
Cancer & Circumcision:
- The American Cancer Society on circumcision and penile/cervical cancer
http://www.cirp.org/library/statements/letters/1996-02_ACS/ - Circumcision and Cancer
http://www.circumstitions.com/Cancer.html
- Cancer of the Cervix in Reference to Circumcision and Marital History
http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/cancer/stern1/ - Cervical Cancer and partners' circumcision status
http://www.circumstitions.com/Cancer.html#cervical
Images and Videos of Infant Circumcision
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- Neonatal Circumcision [Gomco clamp]
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bXVFFI76ff0 - Pat's Informative Baby Circumcision Site
http://geocities.com/painfulquestioning/unnatural - Plastibell Infant Circumcision (with captions) http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xk8q2v_plastibell-infant-circumcision_news
- Methods of Circumcision
http://www.circumcisionquotes.com/methods.html - What Happens During Circumcision?
http://www.cirp.org/library/procedure/plastibell/ - General Circumcision Description
http://www.circumcisionquotes.com/description.html - Circumcision Videos
http://www.circumcisionquotes.com/video.html - Plastibell Circumcision by Dr. Milton Sales
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=ra5t0OsmWf0 - Birth As We Know It: Circumcision
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XmX6RdRNoqk&feature=player_embedded - Neonatal Circumcision: Stanford School of Medicine
http://newborns.stanford.edu/Circumcision.html - The Surgery: Infant Circumcision
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MDuDhkiDdns&feature=player_embedded
FAQ About Circumcision
FAQ is currently under construction. Check back soon for updates!
Interviews About Circumcision
- The Penis - Sex Education 101: Marilyn Milos, R.N., founder of NOCIRC
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BgoTRMKrJo4 - American Academy of Pediatrics on Circumcision
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V_dxaM_h1go - Circumcision Myths & Facts
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7wIew1NFQSE&feature=player_embedded - Man discusses his own Circumcision
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZLVGFF8UKzA - Ken McGrath, Senior Lecturer in Pathology at the Faculty of Health, Auckland University of Technology and Member of the New Zealand Institute of Medical Laboratory Scientists discusses his research into the neural anatomy of the human penis and the physical damages caused by circumcision.
http://www.youtube.com/user/Bonobo3D?feature=watch#p/u/5/DD2yW7AaZFw - Peter Adler, Esquire, legal advisor to Attorneys for the Rights of the Child (ARC LAW) discusses the events that led to his studying the legal issues around genital cutting of children.
http://www.youtube.com/user/Bonobo3D?feature=watch#p/u/0/qKGMctd4Lak - Zenas Baer, J.D. discusses the events that led him to studying the legal issues around circumcision of children and representing clients harmed by forced circumcision.
http://www.youtube.com/user/Bonobo3D?feature=watch#p/u/1/zlbY_JI2Acc - John V. Geisheker, J.D., LL.M., Executive Director of Doctors Opposing Circumcision discusses marketing circumcision and the lack of medical ethics in doctors who profit from genital abuse of children. http://www.youtube.com/user/Bonobo3D?feature=watch#p/u/26/zktbJgd217I
- Mark D. Reiss, M.D., Executive Vice-President of Doctors Opposing Circumcision (DOC) discusses the bias for cut genitals in a circumcising society, and the sexual benefits of having a complete set.
http://www.youtube.com/user/Bonobo3D?feature=watch#p/u/27/ruJ62wHpHuw - Tora Spigner RN MSN discusses personal observations and experiences around infant circumcision that informed her advocacy for genital integrity rights for all children.
http://www.youtube.com/user/Bonobo3D?feature=watch#p/u/60/GQiVdAq-U4s - James L. Snyder, M.D., F.A.C.S., Past President of the Virginia Urological Society discusses the controversy around infant circumcision. Conversation recorded in San Francisco, California July 29, 2010.
http://www.youtube.com/user/Bonobo3D#p/u/13/XrcMYq0ASB8 - Youtuber Onision sounds off on circumcision "benefits."
http://youtu.be/xVZ8g-WB4EQ - Youtube Vlogger GabeandJesss talks about circumcision. http://youtu.be/H4p9O3HSpaY
Blogs About Circumcision
- 4Skin FTW
http://4skinftw.blogspot.com - 5 reasons parents give for choosing circumcision, and why those reasons are not valid
http://iinformedparenting.blogspot.com/2010/09/5-reasons-parents-give-for-choosing.html - A father's talk with his son about infant circumcision
http://www.restoringtally.com/blog/2010/03/fathers-talk-his-son-about-infant-circumcision - A Warrior Mom: Keep My People Whole http://awarriormom.com/2012/12/10/60/
- Actor Alan Cumming: "May the foreskin be with you!"
http://alancumming.com/blog.php?id=525 - Boys Deserve Better http://boysdeservebetter.wordpress.com
- The Case Against Infant Circumcision http://mondofown.blogspot.com.au/?m=1
- Choose Intact
http://www.chooseintact.com/ - Circumcision - let the debate begin
http://www.essentialbaby.com.au/baby/baby-health/circumcision--let-the-debate-begin-20090421-adnp.html - Circumcision Insanity
http://circumcisioninsanity.blogspot.com/ - Circumcision: Yes or No ...Or Wait?
http://soggymom.blogspot.com/2012/03/circumcision-yes-or-no-or-wait.html - Cognitive Dissonance and the Truth About Circumcision
http://martinspribble.com/archives/2491 - Conservatio Morum: Conversion of Life.. Male Circumcision http://blog.thepastoralcompany.com/?page_id=895
- Everything You Wanted to Know About Circumcision but Were Afraid to Ask
http://www.udonet.com/circumcision/index.html - The Fetus Files: Making Tough Decisions- Part Three: Circumcision
http://thefetusfiles.blogspot.com/2011/04/making-tough-decisions-part-3.html - Gloria Lemay Birth Blog: Intactivism http://www.glorialemay.com/blog/?cat=3
- The Guggie Daily: Circumcision: An Ongoing List of Resources, Videos, Studies & Personal Stories http://guggiedaly.blogspot.com/2010/05/everything-i-currently-have-on-genital.html
- Holistic Mama
http://www.holisticmomma.com/intactivism-all-that-penis-talk/ - In Response to all the Stupid Pro Circumcision Arguments http://darkloire.tumblr.com/post/40602417439/in-response-to-all-the-stupid-pro-circumcision
- Intact America's blog
- Intact: A circumcision journey http://www.hobomama.com/2010/04/intact-circumcision-journey.html
- Intactivist.net
- IntactNews
- Joseph for Genital Integrity
- Lizard Dick: Taming the Beast Through Foreskin Restoration http://lizarddick.wordpress.com/
- Love is Stronger Than Pain: Circumcision Grief http://loveisstrongerthanpain.blogspot.co.uk/2011/08/circumcision-grief_09.html
- Mama Natural: Circumcision Myths & Facts http://mamanatural.com/circumcision-myths-and-facts/
- Moralogous
http://www.moralogous.com/ - No Circumcision
http://nocircumcision.blogspot.com - Oregon Intactivist http://oregonintactivist.com/
- Our Muddy Boots http://www.ourmuddyboots.com/topics/circumcision-2/
- Rachael's Little World: What the Bible Really Says About Routine Circumcision http://rachaelslittleworld.blogspot.com/2008/10/what-bible-really-says-about-routine.html
- Ready To Talk About Circumcision
http://thoughtfulmomma.com/2010/09/09/ready-to-talk-about-circumcision/ - Saving Babies Blog
http://saving-babies.blogspot.com/ - Should I Circumcise?
http://www.shouldicircumcise.blogspot.com/ - The Vulnerability of Men
http://www.udonet.com/circumcision/vincent/vulnerability_of_men.html - What I'm Missing
http://whatimmissing.blogspot.com - Whole or Circumcised; Does it Really Matter?
http://chooseyourbirth.wordpress.com/2013/03/17/whole-or-circumcised-does-it-really-matter/ - Wrecking Boy: Mutilation Nation
http://wreckingboy.livejournal.com/318545.html
Circumcision Resources
- The Whole Network
http://www.thewholenetwork.org/ - Intact America
http://www.intactamerica.org/ - Doctors Opposing Circumcision
http://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org/ - Circumcision Information and Resource Pages
http://www.cirp.org/ - Global Survey of Circumcision Harm
http://www.circumcisionharm.org/ - NORM-UK - National Organization of Restoring Men - United Kingdom
http://www.norm-uk.org/ - International Coalition for Genital Integrity
http://www.icgi.org/ - Peaceful Parenting
http://www.drmomma.org/ - Saving Our Sons
http://www.savingsons.org/ - Mothers Against Circumcision
http://www.mothersagainstcirc.org/ - Circumcision Decision Maker
http://circumcisiondecisionmaker.com/ - Circumcision Resource Center
http://www.circumcision.org/ - Attorneys for the Rights of the Child
http://arclaw.org/ - Nurses for the Rights of the Child
http://nurses.cirp.org/ - National Organization to Halt the Abuse and Routine Mutilation of Males (NOHARMM)
http://www.noharmm.org/ - The Male Infant Circumcision Information Site
http://www.circinfosite.com/ - National Organization of Circumcision Information Resource Centers (NOCIRC)
http://www.nocirc.org/ - Historical Medical Quotes on Circumcision
http://circumcisionquotes.com/ - NotJustSkin.org Circumcision FAQ
http://www.notjustskin.org/node/7 - Circumcision and Penile Care Resources for Birth Care Providers
http://www.icgi.org/birth_care_providers.htm - The WHOLE Network Book Store
http://astore.amazon.com/wholenetwork-20 - Book: Sexual Mutilations: A Human Tragedy
http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0306455897/qid=949813005/sr=1-3/104-9084265-1648457 - Book: Circumcision, The Hidden Trauma : How an American Cultural Practice Affects Infants and Ultimately Us All
http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0964489538/qid=949813449/104-9084265-1648457 - Circumstitions
http://www.circumstitions.com/ - End Routine Infant Circumcision
http://www.4eric.org/ - Stop Infant Circumcision Society
http://www.stopinfantcircumcision.org/
Legal Section
- Attorneys for the Rights of the Child
http://www.arclaw.org/ - Circumcision: Your Legal Rights (ARC Flyer)
http://www.intactamerica.org/sites/default/files/Circumcision%20and%20Your%20Legal%20Rights.pdf - David J. Llewellyn, "The Circumcision Lawyer"
http://thecircumcisionlawyer.com/ - Circumcised Man Sues and Wins
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H8szj1jFCWM - Sue Easy: Circumcision is sexual abuse, torture and mutilation http://www.sueeasy.com/class_action_detail.php?case_id=258
- List of Legal Victories Proving Harm Caused By Circumcision http://www.arclaw.org/resources/settlements
- Botched Circumcision and Wrongful Circumcision | LegalMatch Law Library http://www.legalmatch.com/law-library/article/botched-circumcision-and-wrongful-circumcision.html
- Twenty-one-year old Stowell filed suit December 19, 2000, in the U. S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York, against the hospital where he was circumcised and the physician who circumcised him as a newborn.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MMCaO1SW-dE&feature=related - $4.6M Settlement in Botched Circumcision Lawsuit
http://www.myfoxla.com/dpp/news/local/settlement-in-botched-circumcision-lawsuit-20110718 - Atlanta lawyer wins $11 million lawsuit for family in botched circumcision
http://www.ajc.com/news/nation-world/atlanta-lawyer-wins-11-573890.html - Rosebud South Dakota couple files lawsuit over circumcision death
http://www.icgi.org/2011/04/230000-circumcision-wrongful-death-lawsuit-settles/ - South Miami Hospital faces lawsuit after accidental circumcision
http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2010-09-16/health/fl-circumcision-lawsuit-20100916_1_male-circumcision-social-life-survey-hospital-room - Muncie Family Sues After Doctor Gives Baby Unwanted Circumcision
http://www.2keller.com/blog/muncie-family-sues-after-doctor-gives-baby-unwanted-circumcision.cfm - Dean Cochrun Sues Hospital For Circumcising Him As Newborn
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/16/dean-cochrun-sues-hospita_n_1429588.html - Midwife been charged with manslaughter after a baby bled to death following a circumcision
http://www.oldham-chronicle.co.uk/news-features/8/news-headlines/68777/midwife-on-baby-death-charge - Botched Circumcision Lawsuit in Story County, Iowa
http://m.amestrib.com/articles/210188659 - Amputation of Distal Glans Penis; Structured Settlement with Future Payment to Minor Totaling $1.26 Million Dollars
http://www.parkerscheer.com/lawyer-attorney-1615566.html - Couple Sues Miami Doctor Over Botched Circumcision That Left Son's Penis "Unsightly"
http://blogs.miaminewtimes.com/riptide/2012/05/couple_sues_miami_doctor_over.php - $700,000 Circumcision Settlement in Massachusetts http://arclaw.org/announcements/700000-circumcision-settlement-massachusetts
- Botched Circumcision Leads to Lawsuit, Reconstructive Surgery http://failedmessiah.typepad.com/failed_messiahcom/2013/03/botched-circumcision-leads-to-lawsuit-345.html
